参考文献

基本文献

Acheson, Dean. Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department. New York:Norton, 1969.

Adams, John. Discourses on Davila. A Series of Papers, on Political History. Boston:Russell and Cutler, 1805.

Appian. An Auncient Historie and Exquisite Chronicle of the Romane Warres, both Civile and Foren. London: Ralph Newbery and Henry Bynneman, 1578.

—. Shakespeare’s Appian: A Selection from the Tudor Translation of Appian’s Civil Wars, ed. Ernest Schanzer. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1956.

—. The Civil Wars, trans. John Carter. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1996.

Arendt, Hannah. On Revolution. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.

ARTFL (Project for American and French Research on the Treasury of the French Language), “Dictionnaires d’autrefois”: http://artfl-project.uchicago.edu/content/dictionnaires-dautrefois.

Astell, Mary. “An Impartial Enquiry into the Causes of the Rebellion and Civil War in this Kingdom,” 135—97. In Mary Astell, Political Writings, ed. Patricia Springborg. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Augustine. The City of God against the Pagans, ed. R. W. Dyson. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Biondi, Giovanni Francesco. “Civill warrs of England: in the life of Henry the Sixth,”trans. Henry, Earl of Monmouth. f MS Eng 1055, Houghton Library, Harvard University.

—. An History of the Civill Warres of England, Betweene the Two Houses of Lancaster and Yorke, trans. Henry, Earl of Monmouth. London: John Benson,1641.

Bonaparte, Napoleon. Précis des guerres de Jules César. Bécherel: Éditions les Perséides, 2009.

Bourrienne, Louis Antoine Fauvelet de. Mémoires de M. de Bourrienne, ministre d’état;sur Napoléon, le Directoire, le Consulat, l’Empire et la Restauration, 10 vols.Paris: L’Advocat, 1829—30.

Burke, Edmund. A Letter from the Right Hon. Edmund Burke … to Sir Hercules Langrishe … on the Subject of Roman Catholics of Ireland, 2nd edn. London: J.Debrett, 1792.

—. Reflections on the Revolution in France, ed. J. G. A. Pocock. Indianapolis:Hackett Publishing Company, 1987.

—. The Writings and Speeches of Edmund Burke, IX: The Revolutionary War,1794—1797. Ireland, ed. R. B. Mc Dowell. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.

—. Further Reflections on the Revolution in France, ed. Daniel E. Ritchie.Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1992.

Carroll, Anna Ella. The War Powers of the General Government. Washington, D.C.:Henry Polkinhorn, 1861.

Chateaubriand, François-René. Mémoires d’outre-tombe, ed. Pierre Clarac. Paris: Le Livre de poche, 1973.

Cicero. On Duties, ed. M. T. Griffin and E. M. Atkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

—. Political Speeches, trans. D. H. Berry. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Civil War; a Poem. Written in the Year 1775. n. p., n. d. (1776?).

Clarendon, Henry Hyde, Earl of. The History of the Rebellion and Civil Wars in England, Begun in the Year 1641, 2 vols. Oxford: At the Theatre, 1702—04.

Clausewitz, Carl von. On War, ed. and trans. Michael Howard and Peter Paret.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.

—. Clausewitz on Small War, ed. and trans. Christopher Dawse and James W. Davis.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

—. The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625—1660, ed.Samuel Rawson Gardiner, 3rd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1903.

Cooper, James Fenimore. The Spy: A Tale of the Neutral Ground, ed. James P. Elliott,Lance Schachterle, and Jeffrey Walker. New York: AMS Press, 2002.

Corbet, John. An Historicall Relation of the Military Government of Gloucester.London: Robert Bostock, 1645.

Coudenhove-Kalergi, Richard Nicolaus. Europe Must Unite. Glarus: Paneuropa Editions, 1939.

Davila, Arrigo Caterino. The Historie of the Civill Warres of France, trans. Charles Cotterell and William Aylesbury. London: W. Lee, D. Pakeman, and G. Bedell,1647—48.

—. The History of the Civil Wars of France, trans. Charles Cotterell and William Aylesbury. London: Henry Herringman, 1678.

Davis, George B., ed. The Military Laws of the United States. Washington, D.C.:Government Printing Office, 1897.

—. A Decent Respect to the Opinions of Mankind: Congressional State Papers,1774—1776, ed. James H. Hutson. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1976.

De Quincey, Thomas. The Works of Thomas De Quincey, gen. ed. Grevel Lindop, 21 vols. London: Pickering & Chatto, 2000—03.

Diplomatic Conference for the Establishment of International Conventions for the Protection of Victims of War. Final Record of the Diplomatic Conference of Geneva of 1949, 3 vols. Berne: Federal Political Department, [1949].

Doughty, Robert. The Notebook of Robert Doughty, 1662—1665, ed. James M.Rosenheim. Norwich: Norfolk Record Society, 1989.

Drayton, William Henry. A Charge, on the Rise of the American Empire. Charleston,SC: David Bruce, 1776.

Dugdale, William. A Short View of the Late Troubles in England; Briefly Setting Forth their Rise, Growth, and Tragical Conclusion. As also, Some Parallel thereof with the Barons Wars… But Chiefly with that in France, Called the Holy Leagu.Oxford: Moses Pitt, 1681.

Eutropius. Eutropii Historiæ Romanæ Breviarum. 6th edn. Edinburgh: J. Paton, 1725.

Fénélon, François de Salignac de la Mothe. Fables and Dialogues of the Dead. Written in French by the Late Archbishop of Cambray, Eng. trans. London: W. Chetwoodand S. Sampson, 1722.

Filmer, Sir Robert. Patriarcha: Or, The Natural Power of Kings. London: Walter Davis,1680.

Florus, Epitome of Roman History, trans. Edward Seymour Foster. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 1929.

Foucault, Michel. “La Société punitive” (January 3–March 28, 1973). Archives du Bibliothèque générale du Collège de France.

—. Dits et Écrits, 1954—1988, ed. Daniel Defert and François Ewald, 4 vols. Paris:Gallimard, 1994.

—. La Société punitive. Cours au Collège de France 1972—1973, ed. François Ewald, Alessandro Fontana, and Bernard Harcourt. Paris: EHESS, Gallimard,Seuil, 2013.

—. The Punitive Society: Lectures at the Collège de France 1972—1973, trans.Graham Burchell. Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.

Franklin, Benjamin. The Papers of Benjamin Franklin, gen. eds. Leonard W. Labaree,et al., 41 vols. to date. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1959—<2011>.

Friedrich, Carl Joachim. Foreign Policy in the Making: The Search for a New Balance of Power. New York: W. W. Norton, 1938.

Garcilaso de la Vega. Historia general del Peru trata el descubrimiento del; y como lo ganaron los Españoles: Las guerras civiles que huvo entre Piçarros, y Almagros.

Cordova: Andreas Barrera, 1617.

Gastineau, Benjamin. Histoire de la souscription populaire a la médaille Lincoln.Paris: A. Lacroix, Verbœckoven & Cie., [1865].

Gibbon, Edward. The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. London:Andrew Strahan and Thomas Cadell, 1782—88.

Grotius, Hugo. De Rebus Belgicis, or, The Annals and History of the Low-Countreywarrs. London: Henry Twyford and Robert Paulet, 1665.

—. The Rights of War and Peace, ed. Richard Tuck, 3 vols. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2005.

—. Commentary on the Law of Prize and Booty, ed. Martine Julia van Ittersum.Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2006.

Guarini, Baptista. Il Pastor Fido, The Faithfull Shepheard with an Addition of Divers other Poems Concluding with a Short Discourse of the Long Civill Warres of Rome, trans. Richard Fanshawe. London: Humphrey Moseley, 1648.

Guizot, François. Histoire de la révolution d’Angleterre, depuis l’avènement de Charles Ier jusqu’a la restauration, 2 vols. Paris: A. Leroux and C. Chantpie, 1826.

Halleck, H. W. International Law; or, Rules Regulating the Intercourse of States in Peace and War. San Francisco: H. H. Bancroft, 1861.

Harington, Sir John. The Epigrams of Sir John Harington, ed. Gerard Kilroy. Farnham:Ashgate, 2009.

Hartley, David. Substance of a Speech in Parliament, upon the State of the Nation and the Present Civil War with America. London: John Almon, 1776.

Heath, James. A Chronicle of the Late Intestine War in the Three Kingdomes of England, Scotland and Ireland. London: Thomas Basset, 1676.

Hobbes, Thomas. Behemoth, The History of the Causes of the Civil-Wars of England.London: William Crooke, 1682.

—. Behemoth, or, The Long Parliament, ed. Paul Seaward. Oxford: Clarendon Press,2010.

—. The Correspondence, ed. Noel Malcolm, 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994.

—. The Elements of Law, Natural and Politic: Part I, Human Nature, Part II,De Corpore Politico; with Three Lives, ed. J. C. A. Gaskin. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.

—. Writings on Common Law and Hereditary Right, eds. Alan Cromartie and Quentin Skinner. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2005.

—. Leviathan, ed. Noel Malcolm, 3 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2012. Horace.The Complete Odes and Epodes, trans. David West. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

Howell, James. Twelve Several Treatises, of the Late Revolutions in these Three

Kingdomes. London: J. Grismond, 1661.

Hugo, Victor. Les misérables ... A Novel, trans. Charles Edward Wilbour, 5 vols. New York: Carleton, 1862.

—. Les misérables. (The Wretched.) A Novel, rev. trans. Richmond, VA: West &Johnston, 1863—64.

Hymans, Paul, Fort, Paul, and Rastoul, Amand, eds. Pax Mundi: Livre d’or de la Paix.Geneva: Société Paxunis, 1932.

Institut de Droit International. “The Principle of Non-Intervention in Civil Wars.”Annuaire de l’Institut de droit international 56 (1975): 544–49.

—.“The Application of International Humanitarian Law and Fundamental Human Rights, in Armed Conflicts in which Non-State Entities are Parties.” Annuaire de l’Institut de droit international 68 (1999): 386–99.

International Committee of the Red Cross. Seventeenth International Red Cross Conference, Stockholm August 1948: Report. Stockholm: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1948.

International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, Prosecutor v. Tadić, IT- 941-AR72, Decision on Defence Motion for Interlocutory Appeal on Jurisdiction(Appeals Chamber), October 2, 1995.

[Jackson, Samuel] Emma Corbett: or, The Miseries of Civil War. Founded on Some Recent Circumstances which Happened in America, 3 vols. Bath: Pratt and Clinch, 1780.

Jomini, Antoine Henri. Précis de l’art de la guerre, ou Nouveau tableau analytique des principales combinaisons de la stratégie, de la grande tactique et de la politique militaire, 2 vols. Paris: Anselin, 1838.

—. The Life of Napoleon, trans. Henry Wager Halleck, 4 vols. New York: D. Van Norstrand, 1864.

Jouffroy, Théodore Simon. Mélanges philosophiques par Théodore Jouffroy. Paris:Paulin, 1833.

—. Journal of the Convention of the People of South Carolina, Held in 1860, 1861 and 1862. Columbia, SC: R. W. Gibbes, 1862.

Kant, Immanuel. Practical Philosophy, ed. and trans. Mary J. Gregor. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Kennedy, C. M. The Influence of Christianity on International Law. Cambridge:Macmillan, 1856.

Keynes, John Maynard. The Economics Consequences of the Peace. Harmondsworth:Penguin Books, 1988.

[Le Blond, Guillaume.] “Guerre,” 985– 98. In Denis Diderot and Jean le Rond d’Alembert, eds., Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers, VII. 17 vols., Paris: Briasson, 1751—65.

Lemkin, Raphael. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1944.

Lenin, Vladimir Il’ich. Clausewitz’ Werk “Vom Kriege”: Auszuge und Randglossen.Berlin: Ministerium für nationale Verteidigung, 1957.

—. Collected Works, 45 vols. Moscow: Progress Publishers, 1960—72.

Lieber, Francis. “Twenty-Seven Definitions and Elementary Positions Concerning the Laws and Usages of War” (1861). Lieber MSS, Eisenhower Library, The Johns Hopkins University, Box 2, item 15.

—. Guerrilla Parties: Considered with Reference to the Laws and Usages of War.New York: D. van Norstrand, 1862

—. A Code for the Government of Armies in the Field, As Authorized by the Laws and Usages of War on Land, “Printed as manuscript for the Board appointed by the Secretary of War” (Washington, D.C., 1863), The Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, HEH 243077.

—. [US Field Order 100.] Section X. Insurrection—Rebellion—Civil War—Foreign Invasion of the United States [1863], The Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, HEH 240460.

—. Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field. New York: D. Van Nostrand, 1863.

Lincoln, Abraham. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, ed. Roy P. Basler, 11 vols. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953—55.

Livy. The Rise of Rome: Books 1 – 5, trans. T. J. Luce. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1998.

Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government, ed. Peter Laslett, rev. edn. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1988.

—. Political Essays, ed. Mark Goldie. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,1997.

Lucan. M. Annaei Lvcani Pharsalia; sive, De bello civili Caesaris et Pompeii lib. X,ed. Hugo Grotius. Leiden: Frans Raphelengius, 1614.

—. Pharsale de M. A. Lucain, trans. Philippe Chasles and M. Greslou, 2 vols. Paris: C.F. L. Panckoucke, 1835—36.

—. In Cath Catharda, The Civil War of the Romans. An Irish Version of Lucan’s Pharsalia, ed. and trans. Whitley Stokes. Leipzig: Salomon Hirzel, 1909.

—. Civil War, trans. Susan H. Braund. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de. Des Droits et des devoirs du citoyen, ed. Jean-Louis Lecercle. Paris: Marcel Didier, 1972.

Le mal extrême. La guerre civile vue par les philosophes, ed. Nicolas Dubos. Paris:CNRS Éditions, 2010.

Marx, Karl. Selected Writings, ed. David Mc Lellan. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1977.

—and Engels, Friedrich. Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels Gesamtausgabe (MEGA), ed.Institut für Marxismus-Leninismus beim Zentralkomitee der Kommunistischen Partei der Sowjetunion und vom Institut für Marxismus-Leninsmus beim Zentralkomitee der Sozialistischen Einheitspartei Deutschlands. Berlin: Dietz,1975—.

—and Engels, Friedrich. The Collected Works of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels,trans. Richard Dixon, et al., 50 vols. London: Lawrence and Wishart, 1975—2004.

May, Thomas. The History of the Parliament of England which Began November the

Third, MDCXL. London: George Thomason, 1647.

Melville, Herman. The Writings of Herman Melville, XI: Published Poems, ed. Robert C.Ryan, Harrison Hayford, Alma Mac Dougall Reising, and G. Thomas Tanselle.Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2009.

Mill, John Stuart. The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, gen. ed. John M. Robson,33 vols. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1963—91.

Milton, John. Paradise Lost — A Poem Written in Ten Books, eds. John T. Shawcrossand Michael Lieb, 2 vols. Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 2007.

Montaigne, Michel de. Essays Written in French by Michael Lord of Montaigne, trans.John Florio. London: Edward Blount and William Barret, 1613.

Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, baron de. Reflections on the Causes of the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire, Eng. trans. Edinburgh: Alexander Donaldson, 1775.

Nietzsche, Friedrich. On the Genealogy of Morality, ed. Keith Ansell-Pearson, rev. edn.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

D’Orléans, Pierre Joseph. The History of the Revolutions in England under the Family of the Stuarts, from the Year 1603, to 1690. London: Edmund Curll, 1711.

Orosius. Seven Books of History against the Pagans, trans. A. T. Fear. Liverpool:Liverpool University Press, 2010.

Paine, Thomas. Collected Writings, ed. Eric Foner. New York: The Library of America,1995.

The Parliamentary History of England from the Earliest Period to 1803. 36 vols.,London: T. C. Hansard, 1806—20.

Petronius. The Satyricon, trans. J. P. Sullivan, rev. edn. London: Penguin, 2011.

Plato. The Collected Dialogues of Plato Including the Letters, ed. Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairns. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Plutarch. Roman Lives, trans. Robin Waterfield. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1999.

Price, Richard. Observations on the Nature of Civil Liberty. London: Thomas Cadell,1776.

Rawls, John. “Moral Problems: Nations and War” (1969). Harvard University Archives, Acs. 14990, box 12, file 4.

Roebuck, John. An Enquiry, whether the Guilt of the Present Civil War in America,Ought to be Imputed to Great Britain or America. n. p., n. d. (1776?).

Romans, Bernard. Philadelphia, July 12. 1775. It is Proposed to Print, a Complete and Elegant Map, from Boston to Worcester, Providence and Salem. Shewing the Seat of the Present Unhappy Civil War in North-America. Philadelphia: Robert Aitken, 1775.

—. To the Hone. Jno. Hancock Esqre. President of the Continental Congress; This Map of the Seat of Civil War in America is Respectfully Inscribed. [Philadelphia:Nicholas Brooks?, 1775].

—. Annals of the Troubles in the Netherlands ... A Proper and Seasonable Mirror for the Present Americans, 2 vols. Hartford, Conn.: Bernard Romans, 1778—82.

Rómverja Saga, ed. Þorbjörg Helgadóttir, 2 vols. Reykjavík: Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, 2010.

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. A Project for Perpetual Peace, Eng. trans. London: M.Cooper, 1761.

—. The Discourses and Other Early Political Writings, ed. Victor Gourevitch.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

—. The Social Contract and Other Later Political Writings, ed. Victor Gourevitch.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Roy, M. N. War and Revolution: International Civil War. Madras: The Radical Democratic Party, 1942.

Sallust. Fragments of the Histories. Letters to Caesar, ed. John T. Ramsey. Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015.

Salvemini, Gaetano. Come siamo andati in Libia e altri scritti dal 1900 al 1915, ed.Augusto Torre. Milan: Feltrinelli Editore, 1963.

Sandoval, Prudencio de. The Civil Wars of Spain in the Beginning of the Reign of Charls the 5t, Emperor of Germanie and King, trans. James Wadsworth. London:John Holden, 1652.

Schmitt, Carl. Donoso Cortés in gesamteuropäischer Interpretation. Vier Aufsätze.Cologne: Greven, 1950.

—. Glossarium: Aufzeichnungen der Jahre 1947—1951, ed. Eberhard Freiherr von Medem. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1991.

—. La Guerre civile mondiale. Essais (1943—1978), trans. Céline Jouin. Maisons Alfort: Éditions Ère, 2007.

—. Theory of the Partisan: Intermediate Commentary on the Concept of the Political, trans. G. L. Ulmen. New York: Telos Press, 2007.

Sewall, Sarah, introd. The U. S. Army/Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual:U. S. Army Field Manual no. 3–24: Marine Corps Warfighting Publication no. 3–33.5. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2007.

Sidney, Algernon. Discourses Concerning Government. London: For the Booksellers of London and Westminster, 1698.

—. Court Maxims, ed Hans W. Blom, Eco Haitsma Mulier, and Ronald Janse.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Smith, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, ed. R. H.Campbell and A. S. Skinner, 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Statutes of the University of Oxford Codified in the Year 1636 under the Authority of Archbishop Laud, ed. John Griffiths. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1888.

Students for a Democratic Society. The Port Huron Statement. New York: Students for a Democratic Society, 1964.

Suetonius. Suetonius, trans. J. C. Rolfe, rev. ed., 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Tacitus, Histories, Books I–III, trans. Clifford H. Moore. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.

Textos insurgentes (1808—1821), ed. Virginia Guedea. México, D.F.: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2007.

Thucydides. The Hystory Writtone by Thucidides the Athenyan of the Warre, whiche was betwene the Peloponesians and the Athenyans, trans. Thomas Nicolls.London: William Tylle, 1550.

—. Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre, trans. Thomas Hobbes. London:Richard Mynne, 1629.

—. The War of the Peloponnesians and the Athenians, ed. and trans. Jeremy Mynott.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Torres Bodet, Jaime. “Why We Fight.” UNESCO Courier 11, 10 (November 1, 1949):12.

U. K. Ministry of Defence, The Manual of the Law of Armed Conflic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

United Daughters of the Confederacy, Minutes of the Twenty-First Annual Convention of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. Held in Savannah, Georgia,November 11–14, 1914. Raleigh, NC: Edwards and Broughton, 1915.

U. S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations. The Nature of Revolution.Hearings Before the Committee on Foreign Relations, United States Senate,Ninetieth Congress, Second Session (February 19, 21, 16, and March 7, 1968).Washington, DC: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1968.

U. S. Continental Congress. Observations on the American Revolution. Philadelphia:s.n., 1779.

U. S. Department of the Army. The Law of Land Warfare/Department of the Army, July 1956. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1976.

U. S. Department of War. The War of the Rebellion: A Compilation of the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies, 70 vols. Washington, D.C.: U. S.Government Printing Office, 1880—91.

—. Instructions for the Government of Armies of the United States in the Field.Prepared by Francis Lieber, LL.D. Washington, D.C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1898.

—. Rules of Land Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1914.

—. Basic Field Manual: Rules of Land Warfare. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1940.

U. S. Naval War Records Office. Official Records of the Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion, 30 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1894—1922.

U. S. Office of the Adjutant General, Administrative Precedent File (“Frech File”).Record Group 94, Box 16, bundle 58, “Civil War,” National Archives,Washington, D.C.

U. S. President. (1961—1963: Kennedy). Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: John F. Kennedy. Containing the Public Messages, Speeches,and Statements of the President, 1961—1963, 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: U. S.Government Printing Office, 1962—63.

Vattel, Emer de. The Law of Nations, ed. Béla Kapossy and Richard Whatmore.Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2008.

Vázquez de Menchaca, Fernando. Controversiarum illustrium…libri tres. Frankfurt: S.Feyerabend and G. Corvinus, 1572.

Vertot, René Aubert de. Histoire de la conjuration de Portugal. Paris: La Veuve d’Edme Martin, 1689.

—. Histoire des révolutions de Suède où l’on voit les changemens qui sont arrivez.Paris: s.n., 1695.

—. Histoire des révolutions de Portugal. Amsterdam: Aux dépens d’Etienne Roger,1712.

—. Histoire des révolutions arrivées dans le gouvernment de la république romaine,3 vols. Paris: François Barois, 1719.

Wheare, Degory. The Method and Order of Reading Both Civil and Ecclesiastical Histories, trans. Edmund Bohun. London: Charles Brome, 1685.

Whitney, Geffrey. A Choice of Emblemes and Other Devises. Leiden: Christopher Plantin, 1586.

Zedong, Mao, and Guevara, Che. Guerrilla Warfare, introd. Basil Liddell Hart.London: Cassell, 1962.

二手资料

Abdul-Ahad, Ghaith. “‘Syria is Not a Revolution Any More

—This is a Civil War’,”The Guardian, November 18, 2013: http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/18/syria-revolution-civil-war- conflict-rivalry.

Adamson, John. “The Baronial Context of the English Civil War.” Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th ser., 40 (1990): 93–120.

—. The Noble Revolt: The Overthrow of Charles I. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,2007.

—.“Introduction: High Roads and Blind Alleys: The English Civil War and its Historiography,” 1–35. In John Adamson, ed., The English Civil War: Conflict and Contexts, 1640—49. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Adelman, Jeremy. “An Age of Imperial Revolutions.” American Historical Review 113, 2 (April 2008): 319–40.

Agamben, Giorgio. State of Exception, trans. Kevin Attell. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

—. Stasis: Civil War as a Political Paradigm, trans. Nicholas Heron. Stanford:Stanford University Press, 2015.

Almond, Gabriel A. “Harry Eckstein as Political Theorist.” Comparative Political Studies 31, 4 (August 1998): 498–504.

Ando, Clifford. Law, Language, and Empire in the Roman Tradition. Philadelphia:University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

—. Roman Social Imaginaries: Language and Thought in the Contexts of Empire.Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2015.

Andress, David. The Terror: Civil War in the French Revolution. London: Little,Brown, 2005.

Angstrom, Jan. “Towards a Typology of Internal Armed Conflict: Synthesising a Decade of Conceptual Turmoil.” Civil Wars 4, 3 (Autumn 2001): 93–116.

[Anonymous.] “Syria Crisis: Death Toll Tops 17,000, Says Opposition Group.” The Huffington Pos, July 9, 2012: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/09/syriacrisis-death-toll-17000_n_1658708.html.

—.“Syria in Civil War, Red Cross Says.” BBC News, Middle East, July 15, 2012:http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-18849362.

—.“Pour Valls, le FN peut conduire à la ‘guerre civile’.” Le Monde, December 11, 2015: http://www.lemonde.fr/elections-regionales-2015/video/2015/12/11/pour-valls-le-fn-peut-conduire-a-la-guerre-civile_4829710_4640869.html.

Armitage, David. The Declaration of Independence: A Global History. Cambridge,Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2007.

—.“Secession and Civil War,” 37–55. In Don H. Doyle, ed., Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America’s Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press, 2010.

—.“What’s the Big Idea? Intellectual History and the Longue Durée.” History of European Ideas 38, 4 (December 2012): 493–507.

—. Foundations of Modern International Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

—.“The First Atlantic Crisis: The American Revolution,” 309 – 36. In Philip D.Morgan and Molly A. Warsh, eds., Early North America in Global Perspective.London: Routledge, 2014.

—.“Every Great Revolution Is a Civil War,” 57 – 68. In Keith Michael Baker and Dan Edelstein, eds., Scripting Revolution: A Historical Approach to the Comparative Study of Revolutions. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.

—.“Cosmopolitanism and Civil War.” In Joan-Pau Rubiés and Neil Safier, eds.,Cosmopolitanism and the Enlightenment. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, forthcoming.

—, et al. “Interchange: Nationalism and Internationalism in the Era of the Civil War.” Journal of American History 98, 2 (September 2011): 455 – 89.

—, et al. “La longue durée en débat.” Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 70, 2(April — June 2015): 319 – 78.

—, et al. “AHR Roundtable: Ending Civil Wars.” American Historical Review 120, 5(December 2015): 1682 – 1837.

—, Conal Condren, and Andrew Fitzmaurice, eds. Shakespeare and Early Modern Political Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

and Sanjay Subrahmanyam, eds. The Age of Revolutions in Global Context, c.1760—1840. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

As-Sirri, Ahmed. Religiös-politische Argumentation im fruhen Islam (610—685): Der Begriff Fitna: Bedeutung und Funktion. Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 1990.

Baker, Keith Michael. “Inventing the French Revolution,” 203 – 23. In Keith Michael Baker, Inventing the French Revolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

—.“Revolution 1.0.” Journal of Modern European History 11, 2 (May 2013):187 – 219.

Balibar, Étienne. “On the Aporias of Marxian Politics: From Civil War to Class Struggle.” Diacritics 39, 2 (Summer 2009): 59 – 73.

Bates, David. “On Revolutions in the Nuclear Age: The Eighteenth Century and the Postwar Global Imagination.” Qui Parle 15, 2 (2005): 171 – 95.

—. States of War: Enlightenment Origins of the Political. New York: Columbia University Press, 2012.

Batstone, William W., and Damon, Cynthia. Caesar’s Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Bauman, Richard A. The Crimen Maiestatis in the Roman Republic and Augustan Principate. Johannesburg: Witwatersrand University Press, 1967.

Baxter, R. R. “The First Modern Codification of the Law of War: Francis Lieber and General Orders No. 100.” The International Review of the Red Cross 3, 25 – 26(April — June 1963): 170 – 89, 234 – 50.

Bayly, C. A. The Birth of the Modern World, 1780—1914. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2004.

Beard, Mary. The Roman Triumph. Cambridge, Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2007.

—. SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. London: Profile Books, 2015.

Beaulac, Stéphane. “Emer de Vattel and the Externalization of Sovereignty.” Journal of the History of International Law 5, 2 (2003): 237 – 92.

Beckert, Sven. Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2014. Belcher, Henry. The First American Civil War: First Period, 1775—1778, 2 vols.London: Macmillan, 1911.

Bell, David A. The First Total War: Napoleon’s Europe and the Birth of Warfare as We Know It. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2007.

Bentley, Gerald Eades. Shakespeare and Jonson: Their Reputations in the Seventeenth Century Compared, 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1945.

Berent, Moshe. “Stasis, or the Greek Invention of Politics.” History of Political Thought 19, 3 (Autumn 1998): 331 – 62.

Bevir, Mark. “What is Genealogy?.” Journal of the Philosophy of History 2, 3 (Fall 2008): 263 – 75.

Blattman, Christopher, and Miguel, Edward. “Civil War.” Journal of Economic Literature 48, 1 (March 2010): 3 – 57.

Blight, David W. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge,Mass.: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2001.

Boritt, Gabor. The Gettysburg Gospel: The Lincoln Speech that Nobody Knows. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006.

—, Neely, Jr., Mark E., and Holzer, Harold. “The European Image of Abraham Lincoln.” Winterthur Portfolio 21, 2/3 (Summer — Autumn 1986): 153 – 83.

Botteri, Paula. “Stasis: Le Mot grec, la chose romaine.” Mêtis 4, 1 (1989): 87 – 100.

Bowersock, G. W. “Gibbon on Civil War and Rebellion in the Decline of the Roman Empire.” Daedalus 105, 3 (Summer 1976): 63 – 71.

Braddick, Michael. God’s Fury, England’s Fire: A New History of the English Civil Wars. London: Allen Lane, 2008.

Brass, Paul. The Theft of an Idol: Text and Context in the Representation of Collective Violence. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997.

Braumoeller, Bear F. “Is War Disappearing?” Paper presented at the 109th American Political Science Association annual convention, Chicago, August 28 – September 1, 2013: http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2317269.

Braund, Kathryn E. Holland. “Bernard Romans: His Life and Works,” 1 – 41. In Bernard Romans, A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida, ed.Kathryn E. Holland Braund. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1999.

Braund, Susan. “A Tale of Two Cities: Statius, Thebes, and Rome.” Phoenix 60, 3/4(Fall–Winter 2006): 259 – 73.

Breed, Brian, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds. Citizens of Discord: Rome and its Civil Wars. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Breen, T. H. American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People.New York: Hill and Wang, 2010.

Brett, Annabel S. Changes of State: Nature and the Limits of the City in Early Modern Natural Law. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2011.

Brinton, Crane. The Anatomy of Revolution, expanded edn. New York: Vintage Books,1965.

Brown, Peter. Augustine of Hippo: A Biography, new edn. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000.

Brown, Robert. “The Terms Bellum Sociale and Bellum Civile in the Late Republic,”94 – 120. In Carl Deroux, ed., Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History 11.Brussels: Éditions Latomus, 2003.

Bulst, Neithard, Fisch, Jörg, Koselleck, Reinhart, and Meier, Christian. “Revolution,Rebellion, Aufruhr, Bürgerkrieg,” 653 – 788. In Brunner, Otto, Conze, Werner,and Koselleck, Reinhart, eds. Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe. Historisches Lexikon zur politisch-sozialen Sprache in Deutschland, 8 vols. Stuttgart: Ernst Klett, 1972—97.

Brunt, P. A. Italian Manpower, 225 B.C.—A.D. 14. Oxford: Oxford University Press,1971.

—. Social Conflicts in the Roman Republi. London: Chatto and Windus, 1971.

Burke, Peter. “A Survey of the Popularity of Ancient Historians, 1450—1700.” History and Theory 5, 2 (1966): 135 – 52.

Canal, Jordi, “Guerra civil y contrarrevolución en la Europa del sur en el siglo XIX:reflexiones a partir del caso español.” Ayer 55, 3 (2004): 37 – 60.

Caron, Jean-Claude. Frères de sang. La guerre civile en France au XIXe siècle.Seyssel: Champ Vallon, 2009.

Castrén, Erik. Civil War. Helsinki: Suomalainen Tiedeakatemia, 1966.

Centre for the Study of Civil War, Peace Research Institute Oslo: http://www.prio.no/CSCW.

Checkel, Jeffrey T., ed. Transnational Dynamics of Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Chenoweth, Erica. “The Syrian Conflict Is Already a Civil War.” The American Prospect, January 15, 2012: http://prospect.org/article/syrian-conflict-alreadycivil-war.

Cimbala, Paul A., and Miller, Randall M., eds. The Great Task Remaining before Us: Reconstruction as America’s Continuing Civil War. New York: Fordham University Press, 2010.

Clavadetscher-Thürlemann, Silvia. Πόλεμος δίκαιος und bellum iustum: Versuch einer Ideengeschichte. Zürich: Juris, 1985.

Coate, Mary. Cornwall in the Great Civil War and Interregnum, 1642—1660: A Social and Political Study. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1933.

Collier, David, Fernando Daniel Hidalgo, and Andra Olivia Maciuceanu. “Essentially Contested Concepts: Debates and Applications.” Journal of Political Ideologies 11, 3 (October 2006): 211 – 46.

Collier, Paul. The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries Are Failing and What Can Be Done About It. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

—. Wars, Guns, and Votes: Democracy in Dangerous Places. New York: Harper,2009.

—, Hoeffler, Anke, and Söderbom, Måns. “On the Duration of Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 41, 3 (May 2004): 253 – 73.

—and Sambanis, Nicholas, eds. Understanding Civil War: Evidence and Analysis, 2vols. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 2005.

Conflict Archive on the Internet. “Violence: Deaths During the Conflict” (2001—):http://cain.ulst.ac.uk/issues/violence/deaths.htm.

Conte, Gian Biagio. Latin Literature: A History, trans. Joseph B. Solodow. Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.

Cordesmann, Anthony H., with Davies, Emma R. Iraq’s Insurgency and the Road to Civil Conflict. 2 vols. Westport, Conn.:Praeger Security International, 2008.

Coski, John M. “The War Between the Names.” North and South 8, 7 (January 2006):62 – 71.

Coulter, E. Merton. “A Name for the American War of 1861—1865.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 36, 2 (June 1952): 109 – 31.

Cramer, Christopher. Civil War is Not a Stupid Thing: Accounting for Violence in Developing Countries. London: Hurst & Co., 2006.

Crenshaw, Martha. “Why is America the Primary Target?: Terrorism as Globalized Civil War,” 160 – 72. In Charles W. Kegley, Jr., ed., The New Global Terrorism:Characteristics, Causes, Controls. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002. Cullen, Anthony. The Concept of Non-International Armed Conflict in International

Humanitarian Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

David, Eric. “Internal (Non-International) Armed Conflict,” 353 – 62. In Andrew Clapham and Paola Gaeta, eds., The Oxford Handbook of International Law in Armed Conflic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

De Rouen, Jr., Karl, and Uk Heo, eds. Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts since World War II, 2 vols. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2007.

Dinstein, Yoram. Non-International Armed Conflicts in International LawCambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Dixon, Jeffrey. “What Causes Civil Wars? Integrating Quantitative Research Findings.”International Studies Review 11, 4 (December 2009): 707 – 35.

Donagan, Barbara. War in England, 1642—1649. Oxford: Oxford University Press,2010.

Donaldson, Ian. “Talking with Ghosts: Ben Jonson and the English Civil War.” Ben Jonson Journal 17, 1 (May 2010): 1 – 18.

Downs, Gregory P. After Appomattox: Military Occupation and the Ends of War.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2015.

Doyle, Don. H. The Cause of All Nations: An International History of the American Civil War. New York: Basic Books, 2015.

Draper, Hal. Karl Marx’s Theory of Revolution, III: The Dictatorship of the Proletariat.New York: Monthly Review Press, 1977.

Dunne, J. Paul. “Armed Conflicts,” 21 – 53. In Bjørn Lomborg, ed., Global Problems,Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefit. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2013.

Duvall, Raymond. “An Appraisal of the Methodological and Statistical Procedures of the Correlates of War Project,” 67 – 98. In Francis W. Hoole and Dina A. Zinnes,eds., Quantitative International Politics: An Appraisal. New York: Praeger,1976.

Dyer, Brainerd. “Francis Lieber and the American Civil War.” Huntington Library Quarterly 2, 4 (July 1939): 449 – 65.

Eckstein, Harry. “On the Etiology of Internal Wars.” History and Theory 4, 2 (1965):133 – 63.

ed., Internal War: Problems and Approaches. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe,1963.

Edelstein, Dan. “Do We Want a Revolution without Revolution? Reflections on Political Authority.” French Historical Studies 35, 2 (Spring 2012): 269 – 89.

Elliott, J. H. Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America, 1492–1830.New Haven: Yale University Press, 2006.

Engerman, David C. “Social Science in the Cold War.” Isis 101, 2 (June 2010): 393–400.

Enzensberger, Hans Magnus. Civil War, trans. Piers Spence and Martin Chalmers.London: Granta Books, 1994.

Faust, Drew Gilpin. “‘Numbers on Top of Numbers’: Counting the Civil War Dead.”Journal of Military History 70, 4 (October 2006): 995–1009.

—. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2008.

Fearon, James D. “Testimony to U.S. House of Representatives… on ‘Iraq: Democracy or Civil War?’.” (September 15, 2006): http://iis- db.stanford.edu/pubs/21258/Fearon-testimony-9.15.06.pdf.

—.“Iraq’s Civil War.” Foreign Affairs 86, 2 (March/April 2007): 2–16.

—.“Why Do Some Civil Wars Last So Much Longer Than Others?” Journal of Peace Research 41, 3 (May 2004): 275–301.

and Laitin, David. “Ethnicity, Insurgency, and Civil War.” American Political Science Review 97, 1 (February 2003): 91–106.

Findley, Michael G., and Young, Joseph K. “Terrorism and Civil War: A Spatial and Temporal Approach to a Conceptual Problem.” Perspectives on Politics 10, 2(June 2012): 285–305.

Finkelman, Paul. “Francis Lieber and the Modern Law of War.” University of Chicago Law Review 80, 4 (Fall 2013): 2071–132.

Fitzmaurice, Andrew. Sovereignty, Property and Empire, 1500—2000. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Fleche, Andre M. The Revolution of 1861: The American Civil War in an Age of Nationalist Conflic. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012.

Flower, Harriet I. The Art of Forgetting: Disgrace and Oblivion in Roman Political Culture. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2006.

—.“Rome’s First Civil War and the Fragility of Republican Culture,” 73–86. In Brian W. Breed, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds., Citizens of Discord:Rome and Its Civil Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Foisneau, Luc. “A Farewell to Leviathan: Foucault and Hobbes on Power, Sovereignty and War,” 207–22. In G. A. J. Rogers, Tom Sorell, and Jill Kraye, eds., Insiders and Outsiders in Seventeenth-Century Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2010.

Forrester, Katrina. “Citizenship, War, and the Origins of International Ethics in American Political Philosophy, 1960—1975.” The Historical Journal 57, 3(September 2014): 773–801.

Forst, Rainer. Toleration in Conflict: Past and Present, trans. Ciaran Cronin.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Freedman, Lawrence. “What Makes a Civil War?.” BBC News, Middle East, April 20,2006: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4902708.stm.

Fry, Douglas P. Beyond War: The Human Potential for Peace. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Fuentes, Juan Francisco. “Guerra Civil,” 608–17. In Javier Fernández Sebastián and Juan Francisco Fuentes, eds., Diccionario político y social del siglo XX español.Madrid: Alianza Editorial, 2008.

—.“Belle époque: Mito y concepto de guerra civile en España (1898—1939).”Revista de Occidente 389 (October 2013): 79–110.

Fuks, Alexander. “Thucydides and the Stasis in Corcyra: Thuc. III 82–3 versus [Thuc.]III 84.” American Journal of Philology 92, 1 (January 1971): 48–55.

Furet François. Interpreting the French Revolution, trans. Elborg Forster. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Gaddis, John Lewis. The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History of the Cold War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Galli, Carlo. Political Spaces and Global War, trans. Elizabeth Fay. Minneapolis:University of Minnesota Press, 2010.

Gallie, W. B. “Essentially Contested Concepts.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 56 (1955—56): 167–98.

—. Philosophy and the Historical Understanding, 2nd edn. New York: Schocken Books, 1968.

Gardet, Louis. “Fitna,” 930. In H. A. R. Gibb, et al., eds., The Encyclopaedia of Islam,2nd edn., II. 13 vols., Leiden: Brill, 1960—2009.

Gehrke, Hans-Joachim. Stasis: Untersuchungen zu den inneren Kriegen in den griechischen Staaten des 5. und 4. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Munich: Beck, 1985.

Geuss, Raymond. “Nietzsche and Genealogy,” 1–28. In Raymond Geuss, Morality,Culture, and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Geyer, Michael, and Bright, Charles. “Global Violence and Nationalizing Wars in Eurasia and America: The Geopolitics of War in the Mid-Nineteenth Century.”Comparative Studies in Society and History 38, 4 (October 1996): 619 –57.

Ghervas, Stella. “La paix par le droit, ciment de la civilisation en Europe? La perspective du Siècle des Lumières,” 47–70. In Antoine Lilti and Céline Spector,eds., Penser l’Europe au XVIIIe siècle: commerce, civilisation, empire. Oxford:Voltaire Foundation, 2014.

Gibson, Jonathan. “Civil War in 1614: Lucan, Gorges and Prince Henry,” 161–76. In Stephen Clucas and Rosalind Davies, eds., The Crisis of 1614 and the Addled Parliament: Literary and Historical Perspectives. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002.

Gilman, Nils. “The Cold War as Intellectual Force Field.” Modern Intellectual History,(December 2014): http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S1479244314000420.

Giraldo Ramírez, Jorge. El Rastro de Caín: Una aproximación filosófica a los conceptos de guerra, paz y guerra civil. Bogotá: Escuela Nacional Sindical,2001.

Girard, René. Violence and the Sacred, trans. Patrick Gregory. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1984.

Gleditsch, Kristian Skrede. “A Revised List of Wars Between and Within Independent States, 1816—2002.” International Interactions 30, 3 (July–September 2004):231–62.

—.“Transnational Dimensions of Civil War.” Journal of Peace Research 44, 3 (May 2007): 293–309.

Goldstein, Joshua S. Winning the War on War: The Decline of Armed Conflict Worldwide. New York: Dutton, 2011.

González Calleja, Eduardo. Las guerras civiles. Perspectiva de analisis desde las ciencias sociales. Madrid: Catarata, 2013.

—, Arbusti, Irene, and Pinto, Carmine. “Guerre civili. Un percorso teorico.”Meridiana 76 (2013): 31–56.

Goulemot, Jean Marie. Le règne de l’histoire. Discours historiques et révolutions XVIIe- XVIIIe siècles. Paris: Albin Michel, 1996.

Gowing, Alain M. Empire and Memory: The Representation of the Roman Republic in Imperial Culture. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

—.“‘Caesar grabs my pen’: Writing Civil War under Tiberius,” 249–60. In Brian W. Breed, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds., Citizens of Discord: Rome and Its Civil Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Grangé, Ninon. “Tumultus et Tumulto: Deux conceptions de la cité en guerre contre elle-même, Machiavel et Ciceron.” Historia philosophica 4 (2006): 11–31.

—. De la guerre civile. Paris: Armand Colin, 2009.

—. Oublier la guerre civile? Stasis, chronique d’une disparition. Paris: VRIN/EHESS, 2015.

Guldi, Jo, and Armitage, David. The History Manifesto. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Hacker, J. David. “A Census-Based Count of the Civil War Dead.” Civil War History 57, 4 (December 2011): 307– 48.

Hadfield, Andrew. Shakespeare and Republicanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Hahlweg, Werner. “Lenin und Clausewitz. Ein Beitrag zur politischen Ideengeschichte des 20. Jahrhunderts.” Archiv fur Kulturgeschichte 36 (1954): 20–59,357–87.

Hale, John K. “Paradise Lost: A Poem in Twelve Books, or Ten?.” Philological Quarterly 74, 2 (Spring 1995): 131– 49.

Hardt, Michael, and Negri, Antonio. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. New York: Penguin Press, 2004.

Harris, Tim. “Did the English Have a Script For Revolution in the Seventeenth Century?,” 25– 40. In Dan Edelstein and Keith Michael Baker, eds., Scripting Revolution: A Historical Approach to the Comparative Study of Revolutions.Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.

Harrison, John, and Laslett, Peter. The Library of John Locke. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the Oxford Bibliographical Society, 1965.

Hartigan, Richard Shelly. Military Rules, Regulations and the Code of War: Francis Lieber and the Certification of Conflict. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2011.

Härting, Heike. Global Civil War and Post-colonial Studies. Globalization Working Papers 06/3, Institute on Globalization and the Human Condition, Mc Master University, May 2006.

Harvey, David. Rebel Cities: From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution.London: Verso, 2012.

Hazan, Éric. A History of the Barricade, trans. David Fernbach. London: Verso, 2015. Henderson, Errol A., and Singer, J. David. “Civil War in the Post-Colonial World,1946—92.” Journal of Peace Research 37, 3 (May 2000): 275–99.

Henderson, John. Fighting for Rome: Poets and Caesars, History and Civil War.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Heuzé, Philippe. “Comment peindre le passage du Rubicon?,” 57–65. In Raymond Chevallier, ed., Présence de César. Actes du Colloque de 9–11 Décembre 1983.Hommage au doyen Michel Rambaud. Paris: “Les Belles Lettres,” 1985.

Hironaka, Ann. Neverending Wars: The International Community, Weak States, and the Perpetuation of Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005. Hoar, Jay S. The South’s Last Boys in Gray: An Epic Prose Elegy. Bowling Green:Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1986.

Hoeffler, Anke. “Alternative Perspective,” 54–61. In Bjørn Lomborg, ed., Global Problems, Smart Solutions: Costs and Benefits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Hoekstra, Kinch. “Hobbes’s Thucydides,” 547–74. In A. P. Martinich and Kinch Hoekstra, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Hobbes. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Hoffman, Marcelo. “Foucault’s Politics and Bellicosity as a Matrix for Power Relations.” Philosophy and Social Criticism 33, 6 (September 2007): 756 –78.

Holmes, Clive. “The Trial and Execution of Charles I.” The Historical Journal 53, 2(June 2010): 289–316.

Hopkinson, Michael. Green Against Green: The Irish Civil War. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan, 1988.

Howard, Michael. The Invention of Peace and the Reinvention of War, rev. edn.London: Profile, 2002.

Hurrell, Andrew. “Revisiting Kant and Intervention,” 196 – 218. In Stefano Recchia and Jennifer M. Welsh, eds., Just and Unjust Military Intervention: European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013

International Committee of the Red Cross. “Internal Conflicts or Other Situations of Violence — What is the Difference for Victims?,” ICRC Resource Centre, December 12, 2012: http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/interview/2012/12- 10-niac-non-international-armed-conflict.htm.

Jacob, Kathryn Allamong. Testament to Union: Civil War Monuments in Washington,D.C. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998.

Jacoby, Russell. Bloodlust: On the Roots of Violence from Cain and Abel to the Present.New York: Free Press, 2011.

Jal, Paul. La guerre civile a Rome. Étude littéraire et morale. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1963.

—.“‘Hostis (Publicus)’ dans la littérature latine de la fin de la République.” Revue des études anciennes 65 (1963): 53–79.

—.“‘Tumultus’ et ‘bellum ciuile’ dans les Philippiques de Cicéron,” 281–89. In Marcel Renard and Robert Schilling, eds., Hommages a Jean Bayet. Brussels:Éditions Latomus, 1964.

Jasanoff, Maya. Liberty’s Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2011.

Jensen, Freyja Cox. “Reading Florus in Early Modern England.” Renaissance Studies 23, 5 (November 2009): 659 – 77.

—. Reading the Roman Republic in Early Modern England. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

Joas, Hans, and Köbl, Wolfgang. War in Social Thought: Hobbes to the Present, trans.Alex Skinner. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2013.

Johnson, Martin P. Writing the Gettysburg Address. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2013.

Jouin, Céline. Le retour de la guerre juste. Droit international, épistémologie et idéologie chez Carl Schmitt. Paris: J. Vrin, 2013.

Jung, Dietrich. “Introduction: Towards Global Civil War?,” 1– 6. In Dietrich Jung, ed.,Shadow Globalization, Ethnic Conflicts and New Wars: A Political Economy of Intra-state War. London: Routledge, 2003.

Kaldor, Mary. New and Old Wars, 3rd edn. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2012.

Kalyvas, Stathis N. “‘New’ and ‘Old’ Civil Wars: A Valid Distinction?” World Politics 54, 1 (October 2001): 99–118.

—.“The Ontology of ‘Political Violence’: Action and Identity in Civil Wars.”Perspectives on Politics 1, 3 (September 2003): 475 – 94.

—. The Logic of Violence in Civil War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2006.

—.“Civil Wars,” 416 –34. In Carles Boix and Susan C. Stokes, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

—.“Promises and Pitfalls of an Emerging Research Program: The Microdynamics of Civil War,” 397– 421. In Stathis N. Kalyvas, Ian Shapiro, and Tarek Masoud,eds., Order, Conflict, and Violence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2008.

Keegan, John, and Bull, Bartle. “What is a Civil War? Are We Witnessing One in Iraq?.” Prospect 129 (December 2006): 18 – 19.

Keenan, Danny. Wars Without End: The Land Wars in Nineteenth-century New Zealand, rev. edn. Auckland, NZ: Penguin Books, 2009.

Keeter, Scott. “Civil War: What’s in a Name?.” Pew Research Center Publications,December 6, 2006: http://pewresearch.org/pubs/104/civil-war-whats-in-a-name. Keitel, Elizabeth. “Principate and Civil War in the Annals of Tacitus.” American Journal of Philology 105, 3 (Autumn 1984): 306 – 25.

Kelsey, Francis W. “The Title of Caesar’s Work on the Gallic and Civil Wars.”Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association 36(1905): 211 – 38.

Kelsey, Sean. “The Ordinance for the Trial of Charles I.” Historical Research 76, 193(August 2003): 310 – 31.

—.“The Trial of Charles I.” English Historical Review 118, 477 (June 2003):583 – 617.

Kesting, Hanno. Geschichtsphilosophie und Weltburgerkrieg. Deutungen der Geschichte von der französischen Revolution bis zum ost-west-konflikt.Heidelberg: Carl Winter, 1959.

Kissane, Bill. Nations Torn Asunder : The Challenge of Civil War. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.

—, and Sitter, Nick. “Ideas in Conflict: The Nationalism Literature and the Comparative Study of Civil War.” Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 19, 1 (2013):38 – 57.

Klooster, Wim. Revolutions in the Atlantic World: A Comparative History. New York:New York University Press, 2009.

Kloppenberg, James T. Toward Democracy: The Struggle for Self-Rule in European and American Thought. New York: Oxford University Press, 2016.

Klose, Fabian. “The Colonial Testing Ground: The International Committee of the Red Cross and the Violent End of Empire.” Humanity 2, 1 (Spring 2011): 107 – 26.

—. Human Rights in the Shadow of Colonial Violence: The Wars of Independence in Kenya and Algeria, trans. Dona Geyer. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2013.

Kolb, Robert. “Le droit international public et le concept de guerre civile depuis 1945.”

Relations internationales 105 (Spring 2001): 9 – 29.

Koselleck, Reinhart. Critique and Crisis: Enlightenment and the Pathogenesis of Modern Society, Eng. trans. Oxford: Berg, 1988.

—.“Historical Criteria of the Modern Concept of Revolution,” 43 – 57. In Reinhart Koselleck, Futures Past: On the Semantics of Historical Time, trans. Keith Tribe. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004.

Kretchik, Walter E. U. S. Army Doctrine: From the American Revolution to the War on Terror. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2011.

Kunze, Michael. “Zweiter Dreißigjähriger Krieg — internationaler Bürgerkrieg/Weltbürgerkrieg. Sigmund Neumanns Beitrag zu einer begriffsgeschichtlichen Kontroverse,” 127 – 53. In Frank Schale, Ellen Thümler, and Michael Vollmer,eds., Intellektuelle Emigration. Zur Aktualität eines historischen Phänoms.Wiesbaden: Springer, 2012.

Kyriadis, Savvas. “The Idea of Civil War in Thirteenth and Fourteenth-Century Byzantium.” Recueil des travaux de l’Institut d’études byzantines 49 (2012):243 – 56.

La Haye, Eva. War Crimes in Internal Armed Conflicts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Lando, Barry. “The Numbers Prove it — Iraq’s a Civil War.” The Los Angeles Times,November 29, 2006: http://articles.latimes.com/2006/nov/29/opinion/oelando29.

Lange, Carsten Hjort. “Triumph and Civil War in the Late Republic.” Papers of the British School at Rome 81 (2013): 67 – 90.

Larkin, Edward. “What is a Loyalist? The American Revolution as Civil War.”Common-Place 8, 1 (October 2007): http://www.common-place.org/vol-08/no01/larkin/.

Larrère, Catherine. “Grotius et la distinction entre guerre privé et guerre publique,”73 – 93. In Ninon Grangé, ed., Penser la guerre au XVIIe siècle. Saint-Denis:Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, 2012.

Laurent, Franck. “‘La guerre civile? qu’est-ce à dire? Est-ce qu’il y a une guerre étrangère?’,” 133 – 56. In Claude Millet, ed., Hugo et la guerre. Paris:Maisonneuve & Larose, 2002.

Lawson, Philip. “Anatomy of a Civil War: New Perspectives on England in the Age of the American Revolution, 1767—82.” Parliamentary History 8, 1 (May 1989):142 – 52.

Lebreton-Savigny, Monique. Victor Hugo et les Américains (1825—1885). Paris:Éditions Klincksieck, 1971.

Lee, Thomas H., and Ramsey, Michael D. “The Story of the Prize Cases: Executive Action and Judicial Review in Wartime,” 53 – 92. In Christopher H. Schroeder and Curtis A. Bradley, eds., Presidential Power Stories. New York: Foundation Press, 2009.

Lekas, Padelis. Marx on Classical Antiquity: Problems in Historical Methodology.Brighton: Wheatsheaf Books, 1988.

Lempérière, Annick. “Revolución, guerra civil, guerra de independencia en el mundo hispánico 1808—1825.” Ayer 55, 3 (2004): 15 – 36.

Lepore, Jill. The Name of War: King Philip’s War and the Origins of American Identity.New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998.

Lind, L. R. “The Idea of the Republic and the Foundations of Roman Political Liberty,”44 – 108. In Carl Deroux, ed., Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History 4.Brussels: Éditions Latomus, 1986.

Lintott, Andrew. Violence in Republican Rome, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Loraux, Nicole. The Divided City: On Memory and Forgetting in Ancient Athens, trans.Corinne Pache and Jeff Fort. New York: Zone Books, 2002.

—.“Oikeios polemos. La guerra nella famiglia.” Studi Storici 28, 1 (January –March 1987): 5 – 35.

—.“Thucydide et la sédition dans les mots.” Quaderni di storia 23 (January – June 1986): 95 – 134.

Losurdo, Domenico. War and Revolution: Rethinking the Twentieth Century, trans.Gregory Elliott. London: Verso, 2015.

Lounsberry, Marie Olson, and Pearson, Frederic. Civil Wars: Internal Struggles, Global Consequences. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2009.

Lucena Giraldo, Manuel. Naciones de rebeldes. Las revoluciones de independencia latinoamericanas. Madrid: Taurus, 2010.

Lynch, Colum. “The U. N. War Over Calling Syria a ‘Civil War’,” June 13, 2012:http://turtlebay.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2012/06/13/the_un_war_over_calling_syria_a_civil_war.

Lynch, John. San Martín. Soldado argentino, héroe americano, trans. Alejandra Chaparro. Barcelona: Critica, 2009.

Mack, Charles R., and Lesesne, Henry H., eds. Francis Lieber and the Culture of the Mind. Columbia, SC : University of South Carolina Press, 2005.

Malamud, Margaret. “The Auctoritas of Antiquity: Debating Slavery through Classical Exempla in the Antebellum USA,” 279 – 317. In Edith Hall, Richard Alston,and Justine Mc Connell, eds., Ancient Slavery and Abolition: From Hobbes to Hollywood Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Mamdani, Mahmood. “The Politics of Naming: Genocide, Civil War, Insurgency.”London Review of Books 29, 5 (March 8, 2007): 1 – 9.

—. Saviors and Survivors: Darfur, Politics, and the War on Terror. New York: Pantheon Books, 2009.

Mandelbaum, Michael. The Dawn of Peace in Europe. New York: Twentieth Century Fund Press, 1996.

Manicas, Peter T. “War, Stasis, and Greek Political Thought.” Comparative Studies in Society and History 24, 4 (October 1982): 673 – 88.

Manjapra, Kris. M. N. Roy: Marxism and Colonial Cosmopolitanism. New Delhi:Routledge, 2010.

Manning, Chandra, and Rothman, Adam. “The Name of War.” The New York Times, Opinionator, August 17, 2013: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com//2013/08/17/the-name-of-war/.

Marañon Moya, Gregorio. “El general De Gaulle, en Toledo.” El País, August 8, 1981:8.

Marshall, P. J. The Making and Unmaking of Empires: Britain, India, and America, c.1750—1783. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Martin, Jean-Clément. “Rivoluzione francese e guerra civile,” 28 – 55. In Gabriele Ranzato, ed., Guerre fratricide. Le guerre civili in eta contemporanea. Turin:Bollati Boringhieri, 1994.

—.“La guerre civile: une notion explicative en histoire?” Espaces Temps 71 – 73(1999): 84 – 99.

—. La Vendée et la Révolution. Accepter la mémoire pour écrire l’histoire. Paris:Éditions Perrin, 2007.

Mason, T. David. “The Evolution of Theory on Civil War and Revolution,” 63 – 99.In Manus I. Midlarsky, ed., Handbook of War Studies III: The Intrastate Dimension. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2009.

Masters, Jamie. Poetry and Civil War in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Mattler, Michael J. “The Distinction Between Civil Wars and International Wars and Its Legal Implications.” Journal of International Law and Politics 26, 4 (Summer1994): 655 – 700.

Mayer, Arno J. The Furies: Violence and Terror in the French and Russian Revolutions.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Mc Alister, John T. Viet Nam: The Origins of Revolution. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1969.

Mac Cormack, Sabine. On the Wings of Time: Rome, the Incas, Spain, and Peru.Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2007.

Mac Cormick, Neil. “Sovereignty and After,” 151 – 68. In Hent Kalmo and Quentin Skinner, eds., Sovereignty in Fragments: The Past, Present and Future of a Contested Concept. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Mc Dowell, Nicholas. “Towards a Poetics of Civil War.” Essays in Criticism 65, 4 (October 2015): 341 – 67.

Mc Ginty, Brian. Lincoln and the Court. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press,2008.

Mc Mahon, Darrin M. Happiness: A History. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2006.—. Divine Fury: A History of Genius. New York: Basic Books, 2013.

—.“The Return of the History of Ideas?,” 13 – 31. In Rethinking Modern European Intellectual History, eds. Darrin Mc Mahon and Samuel Moyn. New York:Oxford University Press, 2014.

Mc Nelis, Charles. Statius’ Thebaid and the Poetics of Civil War. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Mendell, Charles W. “The Epic of Asinius Pollio.” Yale Classical Studies 1 (1928):195 – 207.

Meyer, Robert T. “The Middle-Irish Version of the Pharsalia of Lucan.” Papers of the Michigan Academy of Science, Arts, and Letters 44, 3 (1959): 355 – 63.

Miller, Andrew John. Modernism and the Crisis of Sovereignty. New York: Routledge,2008.

Moir, Lindsay. The Law of Internal Armed Conflic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

—.“The Concept of Non-international Armed Conflict,” 392 – 414. In Andrew Clapham, Paola Gaeta, and Marco Sassòli, eds., The 1949 Geneva Conventions:A Commentary. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015.

Momigliano, Arnaldo. “Ancient History and the Antiquarian.” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes 13, 3/4 (1950): 285 – 315.

Moses, Dirk. “Civil War or Genocide? Britain and the Secession of East Pakistan in 1971,” 142 – 64. In Aparna Sundar and Nandini Sundar, eds., Civil Wars in South Asia: State, Sovereignty, Development. New Delhi: Sage India, 2014.

Mueller, John. Retreat from Doomsday: The Obsolescence of Major War. New York,Basic Books, 1989.

Müller, Jan-Werner. A Dangerous Mind: Carl Schmitt in Post-war European Thought.New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.

Münkler, Herfried. The New Wars, trans. Patrick Camiller. Cambridge: Polity, 2005.

Murphy, Dan. “Why It’s Time to Call Syria a Civil War.” The Christian Science Monitor, June 5, 2012: http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Backchannels/2012/0605/Why-it-s-time-to-call-Syria-a-civil-war.

Musick, Michael P. “A War by Any Other Name.” Prologue: The Journal of the National Archives 27, 2 (Summer 1995): 149.

Nation, R. Craig. War on War: Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1989.

Neely, Jr., Mark A. The Civil War and the Limits of Destruction. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2007.

Neff, Stephen C. War and the Law of Nations: A General History. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2005.

—. Justice in Blue and Gray: A Legal History of the Civil War. Cambridge, Mass.:Harvard University Press, 2010.

Nelson, Eric. The Royalist Revolution: Monarchy and the American Founding.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014.

Neumann, Sigmund. “The International Civil War.” World Politics 1, 3 (April 1949):333 – 50.

Newman, Edward. “Conflict Research and the ‘Decline’ of Civil War.” Civil Wars 11,3 (September 2009): 255 – 78.

—. Understanding Civil Wars: Continuity and Change in Intrastate Conflict.London: Routledge, 2014.

Nicolet, Claude, ed. Demokratia et aristokratia: a propos de Caius Gracchus: Mots grecs et réalités romaines. Paris: Université de Paris I, 1983.

Nipperdey, Thomas, Doering-Manteuffel, Anselm, and Thamer, Hans-Ulrich, eds.Weltburgerkrieg der Ideologien. Antworten an Ernst Nolte: Festschrift zum 70.Geburstag. Berlin: Propyläen, 1993.

Nolte, Ernst. Der europäische Burgerkrieg, 1917—1945: Nationalsozialismus und Bolschewismus. Berlin: Propyläen, 1987.

Norbrook, David. “Lucan, Thomas May, and the Creation of a Republican Literary Culture,” 45 – 66. In Kevin Sharpe and Peter Lake, eds., Culture and Politics in Early Stuart England. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 1994.

—. Writing the English Republic: Poetry, Rhetoric and Politics, 1627—1660.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Núñez González, Juan Maria. “On the Meaning of bella plus quam ciuilia (Lucan 1, 1).A Relevant Hyperbole,” 380 – 89. In Carl Deroux, ed., Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History 13. Brussels: Éditions Latomus, 2006.

Odysseos, Louiza. “Violence after the State? A Preliminary Examination of the Concept of ‘Global Civil War’.” Paper presented at Violence Beyond the State,Turin, September 12 – 15, 2007.

—.“Liberalism’s War, Liberalism’s Order: Rethinking the Global Liberal Order as a‘Global Civil War’.” Paper presented at Liberal Internationalism, San Francisco, CA, March 25, 2008.

Orlansky, Jesse. The State of Research on Internal War, Science and Technology Division, Research Paper P-565. Arlington, VA: Institute for Defense Analyses,1970.

Orr, D. Alan. “The Juristic Foundation of Regicide,” 117 – 37. In Jason Peacey, ed., The

Regicides and the Execution of Charles I. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2001.

—. Treason and the State: Law, Politics and Ideology in the English Civil War.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Orwin, Clifford. “Stasis and Plague: Thucydides on the Dissolution of Society.”Journal of Politics 50, 4 (November 1988): 831 – 47.

O’Shaughnessy, Andrew. An Empire Divided: The American Revolution and the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000.

Osgood, Josiah. Caesar’s Legacy: Civil War and the Emergence of the Roman Empire.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

—.“Ending Civil War at Rome: Rhetoric and Reality, 88. B.C.E.—197 C.E.”American Historical Review 120, 5 (December 2015): 1683—95.

Östenberg, Ida. “Veni vidi vici and Caesar’s Triumph.” Classical Quarterly 63, 2(December 2013): 813 – 27.

Pani, Erika. “Ties Unbound: Membership and Community during the Wars of Independence. The Thirteen North American Colonies (1776—1783) and New Spain (1808—1820),” 39 – 65. In Federica Morelli, Clément Thibaud, and Geneviève Verdo, eds., Les Empires atlantiques des Lumières au libéralisme(1763—1865). Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2009.

Panourgía, Neni. Dangerous Citizens: The Greek Left and the Terror of the State. New York: Fordham University Press, 2009.

Patten, David A. “Is Iraq in a Civil War?.” Middle East Quarterly 14, 3 (Summer 2007): 27 – 32.

Pavković, Aleksandar, with Radan, Peter. Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

Pavone, Claudio. A Civil War: A History of the Italian Resistance, trans. Peter Levyand David Broder. London: Verso, 2013.

Payne, Stanley G. Civil War in Europe, 1905—1949. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Pelling, Christopher. “‘Learning from that violent schoolmaster’: Thucydidean Intertexuality and Some Greek Views of Roman Civil War,” 105 – 18. In Brian W. Breed, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds., Citizens of Discord: Rome and Its Civil Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Pérez Vejo, Tomás. Elegía criolla. Una reinterpretación de las guerras de independencia hispanoamericanas. México, D.F.: Tusquets Editores, 2010.

Pettersson, Therése, and Wallensteen, Peter. “Armed Conflicts, 1946—2014.” Journal of Peace Research 52, 4 (July 2015): 536 – 50

Phillipson, Nicholas. Adam Smith: An Enlightened Life. London: Allen Lane, 2010.

Pictet, Jean S. Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field: Commentary. Geneva: International Committee of the Red Cross, 1952.

Pinker, Steven. The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined. New York: Viking, 2011.

Pitts, Jennifer. “Intervention and Sovereign Equality: Legacies of Vattel,” 132 – 53.In Stefano Recchia and Jennifer M. Welsh, eds., Just and Unjust Military Intervention: European Thinkers from Vitoria to Mill. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

Platt, Stephen R. Autumn in the Heavenly Kingdom: China, the West, and the Epic Story of the Taiping Civil War. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2012.

Pocock, J. G. A. ‘The Fourth English Civil War: Dissolution, Desertion and Alternative Histories in the Glorious Revolution.” Government and Opposition 23, 2 (April 1988): 151 – 66.

—.“Political Thought in the English-Speaking Atlantic, 1760—1790: I, The Imperial Crisis,” 246 – 82. In J. G. A. Pocock, Gordon J. Schochet, and Lois G. Schwoerer, eds., The Varieties of British Political Thought, 1500—1800.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.

—.“Thomas May and the Narrative of Civil War,” 112 – 44. In Derek Hirst and Richard Strier, eds., Writing and Political Engagement in Seventeenth-Century England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

—, ed., Three British Revolutions, 1641, 1688, 1776. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Poignault, Rémy. “Napoleon Ier et Napoleon III lecteurs de Jules César,” 329 – 45.In Raymond Chevallier, ed., Présence de César. Actes du Colloque de 9 – 11 Décembre 1983. Hommage au doyen Michel Rambaud. Paris: “Les Belles Lettres,” 1985.

Portinaro, Pier Paolo. “L’epoca della guerra civile mondiale?” Teoria politica 8, 1 – 2(1992): 65 – 77.

Pressman, Jeremy. “Why Deny Syria Is in a Civil War?” Mideast Matrix, January 16,2012: http://mideastmatrix.wordpress.com/2012/01/16/syria-civil-war.

Price, Jonathan J. Thucydides and Internal War. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Raaflaub, Kurt A., Dignitatis contentio: Studien z. Motivation u. polit. Taktik im Burgerkrieg zwischen Caesar u. Pompeius. Munich: Beck, 1974.

—.“Caesar the Liberator? Factional Politics, Civil War, and Ideology,” 35 – 67. In Francis Cairns and Elaine Fantham, eds., Caesar Against Liberty? Perspectives on his Autocracy, Papers of the Langford Latin Seminar 11. Cambridge: Francis Cairns, 2003.

—, ed. Social Struggles in Archaic Rome: New Perspectives on the Conflict of the Orders, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005.

Rabinbach, Anson. “The Challenge of the Unprecedented: Raphael Lemkin and the Concept of Genocide.” Simon Dubnow Institute Yearbook 4 (2005): 397 – 420.

Rachum, Ilan. “The Meaning of ‘Revolution’ in the English Revolution (London,1648—1660).” Journal of the History of Ideas 56, 2 (April 1995): 195 – 215.

Radan, Peter. “Lincoln, the Constitution, and Secession,” 56 – 75. In Don H. Doyle,ed., Secession as an International Phenomenon: From America’s Civil War to Contemporary Separatist Movements. Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia Press,2010.

Ramsey III, Robert D. A Masterpiece of Counterguerrilla Warfare: BG J. Franklin Bell in the Philippines, 1901—1902. The Long War Series Occasional Paper 25. Fort Leavenworth: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2007.

Ranzato, Gabriele. “Evidence et invisibilité des guerres civiles,” 17 – 25. In Jean Clément Martin, ed., La guerre civile entre histoire et mémoire. Nantes: OuestÉditions, 1994.

Rech, Walter. Enemies of Mankind: Vattel’s Theory of Collective Security. Leiden:Martinus Nijhoff, 2013.

Reiter, Dan, Stam, Allan C., and Horowitz, Michael C. “A Revised Look at Interstate Wars, 1816—2007.” Journal of Conflict Resolutio, published online October 16, 2014: http://jcr.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/10/16/0022002714553107. Remak, Joachim. A Very Civil War: The Swiss Sonderbund War of 1847. Boulder:Westview Press, 1993.

Rey, Alain. “Révolution”. Histoire d’un mot. Paris: Gallimard, 1989.

Rice, Susan E., Graff, Corinne, and Lewis, Janet. Poverty and Civil War: What Policymakers Need to Know, The Brookings Institution, Global Economy and Development Working Papers 02 (December 2006).

Richardson, Lewis Fry. Statistics of Deadly Quarrels, eds. Quincy Wright and C. C.Lienau. Pittsburgh: Boxwood Press, 1960

Rieber, Alfred J. “Civil Wars in the Soviet Union.” Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History 4, 1 (Winter 2003): 129 – 62.

Rohrbacher, David. The Historians of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge, 2002.Rosenberger, Veit. Bella et expeditiones. Die antike Terminologie der Kriege Roms. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1992.

Rosenfeld, Sophia. Common Sense: A Political History. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Rougier, Antoine. Les Guerres Civiles et le droit des gens. Paris: L. Larose, 1903.

Rusconi, Gian Enrico. Se cessiamo di essere una nazione. Tra etnodemocrazie regionali e cittadinanza europea. Bologna: Il Mulino, 1993.

Sambanis, Nicholas. “A Review of Recent Advances and Future Directions in the Literature on Civil War.” Defense and Peace Economics 13, 2 (June 2002):215 – 43.

—.“What Is Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition.” Journal of Conflict Resolution48, 6 (December 2004): 814 – 58.

—.“It’s Official: There is Now a Civil War in Iraq.” The New York Times, July 23,2006: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/23/opinion/23sambanis.html.

Sarkees, Meredith Reid, and Wayman, Frank Whelon. Resort to War: A Data Guide to Inter-state, Extra-state, Intra-state, and Non-state Wars, 1816—2007.Washington, D.C.: CQ Press, 2010.

Scanlon, Thomas Francis. The Influence of Thucydides on Sallus. Heidelberg: Winter,1980.

Schiavone, Aldo. Spartacus, trans. Jeremy Carden. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.

Schuhmann, Karl. “Hobbes’s Concept of History,” 3 – 24. In G. A. J. Rogers and Tom Sorell, eds., Hobbes and History. London: Routledge, 2000.

Schnur, Roman. Revolution und Weltburgerkrieg. Studien zur Ouverture nach 1789.Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 1983.

—. Rivoluzione e guerra civile, ed. Pier Paolo Portinaro. Milan: Giuffrè Editore,1986.

Seager, Robin. Pompey the Great: A Political Biography, 2nd edn. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2002.

—.“Sulla,” 165 – 207. In J. A. Crook, Andrew Lintott, and Elizabeth Rawson, eds.,The Cambridge Ancient History, 2nd edn.: XI: The Last Age of the Roman Republic, 146—43 B.C. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Seaward, Paul. “Clarendon, Tacitism, and the Civil Wars of Europe,” 285 – 306. In Paulina Kewes, ed., The Uses of History in Early Modern England. San Marino,CA: The Huntington Library, 2006.

Serna, Pierre. “Toute révolution est guerre d’indépendance,” 19 – 49. In Jean-Luc Chappey, Bernard Gainot, Guillaume Mazeau, Frédéric Régent, and Pierre Serna, Pour quoi faire la Révolution. Marseille: Agone, 2012.

Sewell, Jr., William H. Logics of History: Social Theory and Social Transformation.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2005.

Shapiro, James. ‘”Metre meete to furnish Lucans style”: Reconsidering Marlowe’s Lucan,” 315 – 26. In Kenneth Friedenreich, Roma Gill, and Constance B.Kuriyama, eds., “A Poet and a Filthy Playmaker”: New Essays on Christopher Marlowe. New York: AMS Press, 1988.

Sheehan, James J. Where Have All the Soldiers Gone? The Transformation of Modern Europe. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008.

Sherwin-White, A. N. The Roman Citizenship, 2nd edn. Oxford: Clarendon Press,1973.

Shy, John. A People Numerous and Armed: Reflections on the Military Struggle for American Independence, rev. edn. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press,1990.

Simms, Brendan. Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714—1783. London: Allen Lane, 2007.

Singer, J. David, and Melvin Small. The Wages of War, 1816—1965: A Statistical Handbook. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1972.

Siotis, Jean. Le droit de la guerre et les conflits armés d’un caractère non-internationa.Paris: Librairie générale de droit et de jurisprudence, 1958.

Sivakumaran, Sandesh. The Law of Non-International Armed Conflic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Skaperdas, Stergios, et al. The Costs of Violence. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank,2009.

Skinner, Quentin. “A Genealogy of the Modern State.” Proceedings of the British Academy 162 (2009): 325 – 70.

—. Forensic Shakespeare. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Small, Melvin, and Singer, J. David. Resort to Arms: International and Civil Wars,1816—1980. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1982.

Snow, Vernon F. “The Concept of Revolution in Seventeenth-Century England.” The Historical Journal 5, 2 (1962): 167 – 74.

Solis, Gary D. The Law of Armed Conflict: International Humanitarian Law in Wa.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Speier, Hans. Revolutionary War. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 1966.

Stansfield, Gareth. “Accepting Realities in Iraq.” Chatham House Middle East Programme Briefing Paper07/02 (May 2007): http://www.chathamhouse.org.uk/publications/papers/view/-/id/501/.

Stauffer, John “Civility, Civil Society, and Civil Wars,” 88 – 99. In Center for Civil Discourse, Civility and American Democracy: Nine Scholars Explore the History, Challenges and Role of Civility in Public Discourse. Boston: Universityof Massachusetts, 2012.

Stouratis, Ioannis. “Byzantine War Against Christians — An Emphylios Polemos?”Byzantina Symmeikta 20 (2010): 85 – 110.

Straumann, Benjamin. Roman Law in the State of Nature: The Classical Foundations of Hugo Grotius’s Natural Law. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. Suri, Jeremi. Power and Protest: Global Revolution and the Rise of Détente.Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Sutton, Malcolm. An Index of Deaths from the Conflict in Ireland, 1969—199. Belfast:Beyond the Pale Publications, 1994.

Taheri, Amir. “There’s No Civil War in Iraq: Here is Why.” Asharq Al-Aswat, March 1, 2006: http://www.aawsat.net/2006/03/article55267289.

Talmon, Stefan. “Recognition of the Libyan National Transitional Council.” ASIL Insights 15, 16 (June 16, 2011): http://www.asil.org/insights/volume/15/issue/16/recognition-libyan-nationaltransitional-council.

Themnér, Lotta, and Wallensteen, Peter. “Armed Conflicts, 1946—2013.” Journal of Peace Research 51, 4 (July 2014): 541 – 54.

Thomas, Richard. “‘My brother got killed in the war’: Internecine Intertextuality,”293 – 308. In Brian W. Breed, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds., Citizens of Discord: Rome and Its Civil Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Toft, Monica Duffy. “Is it a Civil War, or Isn’t it?” Nieman Watchdog (July 28, 2006):www.niemanwatchdog.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=ask_this.view&askthisid=220.

Tønnesson, Stein. “A ‘Global Civil War’?” 103 – 11. In Bengt Sundelius, ed., The Consequences of September 11: A Symposium on the Implications for the Study of International Relations. Stockholm: Utrikespolitiska Institutet, 2002.

Trakulhun, Sven. “Das Ende der Ming-Dynastie in China (1644). Europäische Perspektiven auf eine ‘große Revolution’,” 475 – 508. In Sven Grampp, Kay Kirchmann, Marcus Sandl, Rudolf Schlögl, and Eva Wiebe, eds., Revolutionsmedien—Medienrevolutionen. Konstanz: UVK Verlagsgesellschaft, 2008. Traverso, Enzo. A ferro e fuoco: la guerra civile europea, 1914—1945. Bologna: Il Mulino, 2007.

—.“The New Anti-Communism: Reading the Twentieth Century,” 138 – 55. In Mike Haynes and Jim Wolfreys, eds., History and Revolution: Refuting Revisionism.London: Verso, 2007.

United Nations Assistance Mission for Iraq. “Human Rights Report, 1 September – 31 October 2006.” http://www.uniraq.org/documents/HR Report Sep Oct 2006 EN.pdf.

Uppsala Conflict Data Program: http://www.pcr.uu.se/research/UCDP/.

Urbainczyk, Theresa. Slave Revolts in Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008.

U. S. Army Field Manual 100-20, Military Operations in Low Intensity Conflict(December 5, 1990): www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/100-20/10020gl.htm.

U. S. Department Of State, The Office of Electronic Information, Bureau of Public Affairs. “Daily Press Briefing — December 2, 2011”: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/dpb/2011/12/178090.htm.

Varon, Elizabeth R. Appomattox: Victory, Defeat, and Freedom at the End of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Varouxakis, Georgios. Liberty Abroad: J. S. Mill on International Relations.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

—.“‘Negrophilist’ Crusader: John Stuart Mill on the American Civil War and Reconstruction.” History of European Ideas 39, 5 (September 2013): 729 – 54. Vasquez, John A. The War Puzzle Revisited. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2009.

Viola, Paolo. “Rivoluzione e guerra civile,” 5 – 26. In Gabriele Ranzato, ed., Guerre fratricide. Le guerre civili in eta contemporanea. Turin: Bollati Boringhieri,1994.

Vlassopoulos, Kostas. “Acquiring (a) Historicity: Greek History, Temporalities and Eurocentrism in the Sattelzeit (1750—1850),” 156 – 78. In Alexandra Lianeri,ed., The Western Time of Ancient History: Historiographical Encounters with the Greek and Roman Pasts. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Wahrman, Dror. The Making of the Modern Self: Identity and Culture in Eighteenth Century England. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2004.

Waldmann, Peter. “Guerra civil: aproximación a un concepto difícil de formular,”27 – 44. In Peter Waldmann and Fernando Reinardes, eds., Sociedades en guerra civil. Conflictos violentos de Europa y América Latin. Barcelona: Paidós, 1999.Walter, Barbara F. “Does Conflict Beget Conflict? Explaining Recurring Civil War.”Journal of Peace Research 41, 3 (May 2004): 371 – 88.

Wellman, Christopher Heath. A Theory of Secession: The Case for Political Self Determination. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Wiedemann, Thomas. “Reflections of Roman Political Thought in Latin Historical Writing,” 517 – 31. In Christopher Rowe and Malcolm Schofield, eds., The Cambridge History of Greek and Roman Political Thought. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Wills, Garry. Lincoln at Gettysburg: The Words That Remade America. New York:Simon & Schuster, 1992.

Wilmshurst, Elizabeth, ed. International Law and the Classification of Conflicts.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Wimmer, Andreas. Waves of War: Nationalism, State Formation, and Ethnic Exclusion in the Modern World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.

—, Cederman, Lars-Erik, and Min, Brian. “Ethnic Politics and Armed Conflict: A Configurational Analysis of a New Global Data Set.” American Sociological Review 74, 2 (April 2009): 316 – 37.

and Min, Brian. “From Empire to Nation-State: Explaining Wars in the Modern World,1816—2001.” American Sociological Review 71, 6 (December 2006): 867 – 97. Wiseman, T. P. Remus: A Roman Myth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

—.“The Two-Headed State: How the Romans Explained Civil War,” 25 – 44. In Brian W. Breed, Cynthia Damon, and Andreola Rossi, eds., Citizens of Discord:

Rome and Its Civil Wars. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Witt, John Fabian. Lincoln’s Code: The Laws of War in American History. New York:Free Press, 2012.

Wong, Edward. “A Matter of Definition: What Makes a Civil War, and Who Declares It So?” The New York Times, November 26, 2006: http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/26/world/middleeast/26war.html.

Woodman, A. J. “Poems to Historians: Catullus 1 and Horace, Odes 2.1,” 199 – 213.In David Braund and Christopher Gill, eds., Myth, History and Culture in Republican Rome: Studies in Honour of T. P. Wiseman. Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 2003.

Woolhouse, Roger. Locke: A Biography. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,2007.

Worden, Blair. Roundhead Reputations: The English Civil Wars and the Passions of Posterity. London: Allen Lane, 2001.

World Bank. World Development Report 2011: Conflict, Security, and Developmen.Washington, D.C.: The World Bank, 2011.

Wrangham, Richard, and Peterson, Dale. Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

Wright, Quincy. A Study of War, 2 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.

—.“The American Civil War (1861—65),” 30–108. In Richard A. Falk, ed., The International Law of Civil War. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.

Wyke, Maria. Caesar: A Life in Western Culture. London: Granta Books, 2007.

Wynn, Philip. Augustine on War and Military Service. Minneapolis: Fortress Press,2013.

York, Neil L. “Defining and Defending Colonial American Rights: William Bollan,Agent.” American Political Thought 3, 2 (Fall 2014): 197 – 227.

Zavis, Alexandra. “Maliki Challenges ‘Civil War’ Label.” The Los Angeles Times,December 5, 2006: http://articles.latimes.com/2006/dec/05/world/fg-iraq5.

Zurbuchen, Simone. “Vattel’s ‘Law of Nations’ and the Principle of Non Intervention.” Grotiana 31 (2012): 69 – 84.